El crimen organizado transnacional como amenaza estratégica para el Perú: riesgos, implicancias y desafíos para el Sector Defensa

Abstract

Transnational organized crime (TOC) poses a significant threat to global security and sustainable development. This complex phenomenon encompasses various illicit activities that transcend national borders, including drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering, arms trafficking, cybercrime, and the exploitation of natural resources, among others. TOC is characterized by hierarchical structures, the pursuit of economic gain, and the ability to corrupt state and private institutions.
This article analyzes the multifaceted nature of TOC, examining its main manifestations, the factors that facilitate its expansion (such as globalization, technological advancements, and socioeconomic inequalities), and its impact on political stability, economy, and society. It explores the strategies and mechanisms of international cooperation implemented to combat this scourge, as well as the challenges and limitations that still persist in the fight against transnational criminal networks. The main objective is to correctly define the security problem, provide a comprehensive understanding of TOC, and propose recommendations to strengthen responses at national and international levels.