Millennial Sea: A Modern Peruvian Geopolitical Maritime Vision

Abstract

The Peruvian sea has been an essential source of resources for pre-Inca civilizations throughout history, playing a crucial role in the diet and mystical connection with pre-Columbian cultures and with the Inca empire. During the colonial era, it became a vital means of communications between Europe and America, consolidating itself as a significant source of resources during the Republican period.
The oceans not only feed us and regulate the climate, but are also fundamental for the national identity and socioeconomic activities of coastal communities, as well as for national defense and security, which is why they constitute a vitally important means for the development of countries, which is why they require special attention.
The dispute over maritime hegemony has evolved over time, going through various theories, which matured over the years and gave rise to the final text of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Parallel to this, South American countries have adopted various geopolitical positions in relation to their maritime spaces, which have been reflected in their national regulations and theories, which to a certain extent guide their actions in their respective maritime areas.
This article analyzes the current situation of the maritime reality and national maritime interests, considering the changes in the global context, the updating of scenarios and the geopolitical vision of the South American countries, to conclude by exposing and putting for the reader's consideration, a modern vision on national maritime geopolitics, which I have called “Millennium Sea”, supported by the arguments presented in this article.